GHK-Cu
aka Copper tripeptide-1 · Gly-His-Lys copper
A copper-binding tripeptide present in human plasma and the best-supported cosmetic peptide, with in-vitro and small clinical evidence for collagen synthesis and skin remodeling.
Mechanism of action
Delivers copper(II) to cells, modulating expression of hundreds of genes involved in collagen I/III synthesis, decorin, antioxidant defense, and wound remodeling.
Doses used in published studies
Topical formulations of 0.05–2% in published dermatology studies.
These figures describe what researchers administered under supervision. They are reported for accuracy and are not a protocol, recommendation, or substitute for clinical guidance.
Reported benefits
- Increased collagen and elastin in human skin biopsies
- Reduced photoaging metrics and fine wrinkles in controlled trials
- Improved wound closure in diabetic animal models
Risks & unknowns
- Contact irritation at higher concentrations
- Copper accumulation concerns with unvalidated injectable use
Legal & regulatory status
Lawfully used as a cosmetic ingredient in the US, EU, and most markets. Injectable use is not approved anywhere.
Check status in your state or country →Key studies
- GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration
BioMed Research International · 2015